Although innovations such as email have made it easier to communicate with colleagues, some uses of technology in the workplace have brought about difficult changes. The increasing reliance on email can contribute to a breakdown in communication as fewer personal exchanges take place. Communication experts agree that in face-to-face discussions, up to 93 percent of the meaning of the messages exchanged is communicated in nonverbal ways–through gestures, glances, body position, and facial expression. Because email lacks that information, it opened the door for Michelle to misinterpret David's meaning and intent. Since performance feedback can always cause defensive reactions, David would have been wiser to provide feedback face-to-face, when all communication channels–nonverbal and verbal–could be used to foster a clear and productive discussion with Michelle.