Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Samuel Gompers’s American Federation of Labor (AFL) remained the largest union, devoted to the interests of skilled workers and focusing on better wages and working conditions.
2. The Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) formed in 1903, eventually accepted all women as members, sought to organize women into trade unions, lobbied for legislation protecting female workers, and educated the public on the problems and needs of working women.
3. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) formed in 1905, welcoming everyone regardless of gender or race and urging social revolution and labor solidarity.
4. Some business leaders turned to applied psychology and personnel management to keep workers in line, leading to the emergence of a school of industrial psychology. Industrial psychologists’ work showed that job satisfaction affected industrial output.