In a rational model of an organization, information is collected from the operating layers, and it rises through various formal management levels. Each of these levels moves the information higher in the organization until it reaches top management levels. On the basis of this information, the top managers make general policy decisions and commands, which are then passed downward through the formal hierarchy, until they reach the operating layer as detailed work instructions. These decisions are assumed to be aimed at supporting a business goal. The goal is defined by those at the top of the hierarchy of authority, who are assumed to have a legitimate right to make these decisions.