a) Emotional preoccupation, distraction, instrumental coping, and palliative coping.
b) Emotional coping, avoidance coping, task-oriented coping, and preoccupation.
c) Escape coping, preoccupation, instrumental coping, and palliative coping.
d) Emotional preoccupation, distraction, task-oriented coping, and pain-specific coping.