Suppose that an atom has two energy levels separated by an energy difference ?E. When such atoms are in thermal contact with a reservoir at temperature T, there is roughly 1 atom in the higher state for every 4 in the lower state. What is the approximate ratio of ?E to kBT?
A. 
B. 4
C. ln 4
D. ?ln 4
E. e?1/4
F. e?4
T. Other (specify)
C. ln 4
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