Between-subjects experiments
a. eliminate the possibility that one condition will affect another
b. use fewer subjects than within-subjects experiments
c. are always preferable to within-subjects experiments
d. All of these are true.
a
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Nicolas has autistic disorder and is mute. A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences. In this example, Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of
a. classical conditioning. b. modeling. c. shaping. d. negative reinforcement.
Which of the following is NOT an aggravating factor?
A. Extreme emotion B. Murder of a law-enforcement official C. Murder for hire D. "Depravity of mind"
Which of the following is NOT indicative of the biological perspective of abnormal behavior?
a) abnormal behavior arising from a physical cause b) abnormal behavior arising from genetic inheritance c) abnormal behavior arising from unresolved early childhood experiences d) abnormal behavior arising from biochemical imbalances
Which of the following notions is NOT considered one of the major contributions of psychoanalytic theory?
A) ?Role of childhood experiences in influencing adult personality. B) ?Role of internal conflict in generating psychological distress. C) ?Influence of reinforcement in maintaining specific behaviors. D) ?Importance of unconscious motivation in influencing behavior.