A nurse is providing patient education about the benefits of moderate versus excessive drinking. Which of the following statements made by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
a. "Moderate drinking is defined as two drinks a day for men."
b. "Chronic drinking leads to erosive gastritis."
c. "Moderate drinking raises low-density lipoprotein cholesterol."
d. "Chronic use of alcohol damages the myocardium."
C
Available data suggest that alcohol protects against heart disease largely by raising levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and protects low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation (LDL must first be oxidized before it can promote atherosclerosis). This statement in-dicates a need for further teaching.
Clear evidence indicates that people who drink moderately (two drinks a day or fewer for men, 1 drink a day or fewer for women) experience less coronary artery disease; no further teaching is required.
Erosive gastritis is a result of excessive alcohol abuse caused by increased stimulation of gastric acid secretions; no further teaching is required.
Chronic and excessive consumption is clearly harmful, resulting in direct damage to the myocar-dium, which increases the risk of MI and stroke; no further teaching is required.
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