Which of the following is not one of Sutherland’s Nine Propositions of differential association theory?

a) Differential association may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.
b) The same mechanisms are involved in learning crime as involved in other learning.
c) Criminal behavior is inherent.
d) Criminal behavior is learned through interaction and communication with others.


c) Criminal behavior is inherent.

Criminal Justice

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The least expensive caseload assignment model is the:

A) specialized caseloads model. B) conventional model. C) numbers game model. D) conventional model with geographic considerations.

Criminal Justice

What represents a denial of the allegation with no further explanation?

a. Coerced Truth b. Deception c. False Truth d. Lie

Criminal Justice

Turmoil and crisis were hallmarks of policing during the 1960s, marked by student demonstrations against _____.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

At common law, bribery was punished as a _______

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice