______ is considered the Father of Probation.

A. August Vollmer
B. John Augustus
C. Sir Robert Peel
D. O.W. Wilson


B. John Augustus

Criminal Justice

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The fate of trial fairness in a new media saturated courtroom currently rests upon the effectiveness of which of the following?

a. Jury selection b. Jury instructions c. Jury use of new media d. None of the above

Criminal Justice

Police captains have more ____________ responsibilities than lieutenants or sergeants

Fill in the blanks with correct word

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An error made by a trial court in admitting evidence does not require reversal of the conviction by an appellate court if the appellate court decides that the error was ____________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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Which of the following statements is false?

a. The more often children are exposed to violence within their residential community, the more likely they are to become violent themselves. b. Inappropriate and disrupted social relations have been linked to crime. c. Political unrest and economic stress have been found to precede sharp increases in crime rates. d. Stabilization of traditional social institutions typically precedes crime rate increases.

Criminal Justice