Why are phylogenetic studies of viruses more challenging than Bacteria? Explain how genes are selected in viruses for phylogeny and the constraints those create
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Viruses lack ribosomal RNA gene sequences present in Bacteria that are commonly used for phylogenetic studies. A universal gene in all viruses is absent, which means only subgroups are used for phylogenetic studies where the gene(s) is/are present. In a similar way as rRNA genes, phylogenetic genes selected in viruses often target essential functions for a particular group of viruses such as capsid proteins. Because no single gene is essential in viruses, whichever gene or genes selected constrains the phylogenetic study to only a subset of viruses.
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Why is the Hardy-Weinberg equation more accurate in predicting genotypic frequencies in the short run than in the long run?
A) The equation does not take epistasis into consideration. B) The Hardy-Weinberg equation is based on Mendel's second law of inheritance. C) The equation can be applied only to traits determined by single genes. D) Populations do not conform to the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg law.
Which disorder is characterized by mental deterioration and loss of bodily functions?
A) Parkinson's disease B) Alzheimer's disease C) attention deficit disorder (ADD) D) depression
Which are the characteristics of the gallbladder?
A) stores bile B) produces bile C) pear-shaped organ D) produces hormones E) located below the liver
Chitin, a modified form of cellulose, is not only cross-linked with proteins but its glucose units are modified with atoms of
A. nitrogen. B. hydrogen. C. phosphorous. D. sulfur. E. oxygen.