Which reference citation indicates a secondary source?

1. Short, S., Hall, C., Engel, S., & Nigel, C. (2004). Exercise imagery and the stages of change. Journal of Mental Imagery, 28(1,2), 61–78.
2. Jansen, C. E., Miaskowski, C., Dodd, J. S., & Dowling, G. (2005). Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in women with breast cancer: A critique of the literature. Oncology Nursing Forum, 32(2), 329–342.
3. Miaskowski, C. J. (2000). Improving pain management: An ongoing journey. Oncology Nursing Forum, 27(6), 938–944.
4. Loegering, L., Reiter, R., & Gambone, J. (1994). Measuring the quality of health care. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 37(1), 122–136.


2
Rationale 1: This is a citation for an original work.
Rationale 2: A published research study is written by the authors, a primary source. A published review or critique of the literature would be conducted by a person, not the original researcher, so it would be a secondary source.
Rationale 3: This is a citation for an original work.
Rationale 4: This is a citation for an original work.

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