One can identify whether an argument is circular reasoning:
a. By evaluating the direction of the relation (e.g., Sally's off-task behavior is due to her attention deficit disorder vs. Sally's attention deficit disorder causes her off-task behavior)
b. By evaluating whether the two components of the argument can be separated and whether one can be manipulated to determine the effect on the other
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
C
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According to Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner, people can be intelligent in at least how many ways?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
What percentage of community college presidents are women?
A. 15 B. 21 C. 33 D. 46
Billy Joe has scored below average on CBM measures that were given to her. She also has a slower than average rate of progress compared to peers. This information leads her teachers to decide that she needs intervention. What type of model is described?
a. Normative Model b. RTI model c. Reference Model d. Dual-discrepancy Model
A potential threat to the nonequivalent comparison-group design is the presence of a selection-history effect
a. True b. False