Describe the pathophysiology of primary and secondary traumatic brain injury
TBI-related injuries to the brain have been classified as primary and secondary. The primary brain injury results from the initial penetration or mechanical thrashing of the brain against the interior of the skull, leading to lacerations and crushing of brain tissue. Secondary injuries are those occurring due to the physiological changes that occur during the aftermath of the initial injury. These often include cerebral edema, hemorrhage, hematoma, and infection. These changes can adversely affect brain function by leading to rising intracranial pressure and impaired blood flow. Ultimately, it is the secondary injuries that can lead to destruction of neurons, glia, and axons.
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In 2015, the FDA announced that which of the following food ingredients is NOT GRAS?
A. high fructose corn syrup B. tartrazine C. monosodium glutamate D. partially hydrogenated oils
Breaded meats and vegetables are known to be a hidden source of
a. eggs b. milk c. peanuts d. shellfish
What government agency polices bogus health products and services?
A) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) B) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) C) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) D) The U.S. Postal Service (USPS)
The appropriate method for administering TPN to a critically ill and malnourished patient is:
a. as a bolus infusion. b. via continuous infusion. c. via cyclic infusion. d. as needed.