Laboratory results come back on a newly admitted patient. They are as follows: serum BUN, 64 mg/dL; serum creatinine, 2.4 mg/dL; urine osmolality, 210 mOsm/kg; specific gravity, 1.002; and urine sodium, 96 mEq/L
The urine output has been 120 mL since admission 2 hours ago. These values are most consistent with which of the following diagnoses? a. Prerenal failure c. Oliguric renal failure
b. Postrenal failure d. Acute tubular necrosis
D
Urinary sodium less than 10 mEq/L (low) suggests a prerenal condition. Urinary sodium greater than 40 mEq/L (in the presence of an elevated serum creatinine and the absence of a high salt load) suggests intrarenal damage has occurred. The urine output does not seem to suggest oliguria. The other options do not fit the data as presented.
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A client who has been taking oxycodone (OxyContin) for an extended period of time comes to the clinic reporting that the drug is no longer relieving his pain. Which category would be given to the client's complaint?
a. Addiction b. Physical dependence c. Pseudoaddiction d. Tolerance
The client is taking an oxycodone-acetaminophen combination (Tylox) at home daily for chronic pain management. What instruction should the nurse give this client?
A. "Avoid taking aspirin or aspirin-containing products while you are on this medi-cation." B. "Weigh yourself daily to determine if you are retaining sodium or water." C. "Drink plenty of water and eat foods high in fiber to reduce constipation." D. "Stop this medication after 3 days."
Which is the rationale for why parents should be allowed to be present with their children during a medical procedure?
1. Parents want to support their child before, during, and immediately after the procedure. 2. Parents want to ensure that nothing goes wrong with the child. 3. Parents are interested because they are also in the medical field. 4. Parents want to ensure that the correct medication is being used.
Surgical patients should not take aspirin prior to their surgery because
A. the gastric irritation might complicate their recovery B. the likelihood of contracting Reye's syndrome is increased C. blood clotting time is increased D. prostaglandin secretion will be increased