The scientific method dictates that theories must be revised or elaborated as new observations confirm or refute them. This means that
a. theories should be modified directly after obtaining one set of disconfirming data.
b. theories are modified only as the researchers who implement them go on to other research areas.
c. theories should be modified after a good amount of evidence calls for different predictions than those provided by the original theory.
d. theories are not useful for fueling new research efforts.
C
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A researcher investigating the link between stressful life events and depression has decided to use a prospective research design. This means that the researcher will have to
a. select subjects with the prospect of becoming depressed. b. select subjects with the prospect of experiencing stress. c. follow subjects over time to see if stress predicts the onset of depression. d. question subjects carefully to see if their depression has always followed some identifiable stress.
Maternal obesity is associated with
a. increased risk of miscarriage. b. higher risk of stillbirth. c. cognitive deficits in the newborn. d. slower physical development.
Which scenario describes an embodiment effect in social perception?
a. rating a target as having a warm personality while holding a cup of hot tea b. integrating information into a coherent impression of a person c. explaining behavior as due to personal characteristics rather than situational d. persisting in a belief that has repeatedly been shown to be incorrect
In which type of study are the effects of age and the effects of time of measurement confounded with one another?
a. Correlational b. Cross-sectional c. Longitudinal d. Sequential