Which of the following "layers" must be traversed by gases moving across the alveolar-capillary membrane?
1. Alveolar epithelial membrane
2. Capillary endothelial membrane
3. Interstitial space
4. Transbronchial radial tethering mechanisms
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: A
For carbon dioxide or O2 to move between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillary blood, the following three barriers must be penetrated: (1) alveolar epithelium, (2) interstitial space, and (3) capillary endothelium.
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