A new study reports that in a sample of 11 brains, 4 of the 6 women's brains, but only 2 of the 5 men's brains, had multiple chocolate receptors. (Note: We made this up; there's no such thing as a chocolate receptor, sorry.)
The researchers conclude that their findings explain why so many women are addicted to chocolate. What concerns should a critical thinker have about this study?
The sample size was very small; have the results been replicated? Were the sex differences more impressive than the similarities? Might eating chocolate affect chocolate receptors rather than the other way around? Most important, was the number of receptors related to the amount of chocolate eaten by the brains' owners in real life?
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a. Mean b. Mode c. Median d. Standard deviation
Psychoanalysis emphasizes the influence of unconscious urges and memories on behavior
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Changes in the nervous system during late adulthood
a. increase reaction time. b. decrease reaction time. c. have no effect on reaction time. d. have a small, unnoticeable effect on reaction time.
Opioid agonists acting in the nucleus accumbens increase dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens by:
a. inhibiting GABA neurons that terminate on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. b. binding to opioid receptors on dopamine axon terminals. c. by inhibiting glutamate neurons which no longer inhibit GABA neurons acting on dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens. d. inhibiting opioid neurons which terminate in the ventral tegmental area.