A client tells his behavioral therapist that he has a goal of jogging for 30 minutes every other day. The therapist helps the client create a system by which he rewards himself first for putting on jogging clothes and doing any kind of exercise for any length of time, then for jogging for 5 minutes, then for jogging for 15 minutes, and ultimately for jogging for 30 minutes. This technique is best
described as
a. shaping.
b. behavioral instruction.
c. time-out.
d. a token economy.
A
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Which of the following therapists believe that negative, self-defeating thoughts underlie depression?
a. psychoanalysts b. behavioral therapists c. cognitive therapists d. existential therapists
Gene expression refers to the
A. division of the chromosomes in half during the formation of eggs and sperm. B. passing along of genes that are located close to one another on a chromosome. C. conversion of genetic instructions into a feature of a living cell. D. imprinting of particular genes.
Studies of grief responses in adults suggest that _______
a. the great majority of adults show a strong response, including some depression, for at least 6 months after the loss but then recover b. most adults show only a very brief level of distress, and then recover quickly c. there are several different patterns of grief reactions, no one of which is dominant d. failure to display distress immediately after a loss is linked to high levels of later problems
An advantage of the cohort-sequential design is that it can account for threats to internal validity associated with observing participants over time.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)