Contrast the following terms: negative reinforcement trap, punishment, and time-out. Which technique seems to be the most effective?
What will be an ideal response?
Negative reinforcement trap involves unwittingly reinforcing a behavior you want to discourage. Punishment is an application of an aversive stimulus or removal of an attractive stimulus. Time-out is a punishment that involves removing children who are misbehaving from a situation to a quiet, unstimulating environment. Time out is the most effective of the three techniques because it allows time for both the parent and child to calm down, an explanation for why the punished behavior is objectionable, and discussion of what the child should do instead.
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After divorce, the most common family form granted custody of the child is
a. mother and stepfather. b. father and stepmother. c. same-sex couples. d. single father.
What genetic factor has been cited as a cause of anxiety disorders in children?
A. Early illness or accident B. Overanxious, overprotective parents C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder D. Indifferent or detached parents
A delusion is a(n)
a. false belief. b. auditory hallucination. c. sensory mistake. d. visual hallucination.
Researchers are more likely to achieve reliable observations when
A. one observer has spent a long time observing an event. B. one observer reports having observed a very unusual event. C. two observers provide unique descriptions of an event. D. two observers show agreement in their descriptions of an event.