To answer the following questions refer to the four items listed below.
A. This is any DNA made from mRNA transcripts.
B. This is a nuclease whose function is to cut apart foreign DNA entering a cell.
C. This is from a viral source and catalyzes reactions to construct DNA strands from mRNA.
D. This is an enzyme used to produce DNA without introns.
E. This is a collection of host cells that house cloned genomic DNA.
A. cDNA
B. Restriction enzymes
C. Reverse transcriptase
D. Reverse transcriptase
E. DNA library
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Which of the following statements explains why restriction enzymes are not useful for genome-wide studies of genetic variation?
A. There is simply too much DNA that has to be cut in order to get any information. B. The differences in restriction sites are evened out when looking at the entire genome. C. Using restriction enzymes will only tell us differences in sequence variation in restriction sites. D. Restriction enzymes only recognize sequences found in genes. E. None of the answer options is correct.
There have been experiments performed that simulate early Earth conditions. These experiments most
likely demonstrated that a. DNA forms readily and reproduces itself. b. many of the lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleotides required for life can form under abiotic conditions. c. complete, functioning prokaryotic cells are formed after approximately three months. d. a lipid-protein film will eventually be formed by thermal convection. e. oxygen was present in large amounts.
Three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) show substantial heritable variation in gill-raker length related to differences in their diets
Longer gill rakers appear to function better for capturing open-water prey, while shorter gill rakers function better for capturing shallow-water prey. Which of the following types of selection is most likely to be found in a large lake (open water in the middle and shallow water around the sides) with a high density of these fish? A) directional selection B) stabilizing selection C) disruptive selection D) sexual selection
Beta-blockers are a class of drugs that target beta-adrenergic receptors, blocking the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine. These drugs are used to treat heart conditions, hypertension, glaucoma, and migraine headaches and are also used off-label to alleviate stage fright in performers. Since the beta-adrenergic receptor is a GPCR, what intracellular event is prevented by the use of a beta-blocker?
A. Transport of the receptor-hormone complex into the cell and the nucleus, where it would regulate transcription B. A protein kinase cascade, initiated by the receptor's intracellular kinase domain C. A protein phosphatase cascade, initiated by the receptor's intracellular phosphatase domain D. Release of an activated G protein subunit bound to GTP