The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development led by David Farrington found that all of the following were important risk factors of later offending EXCEPT which?

Trevor is a habitual criminal offender. He has committed hundreds of burglaries and has stolen approximately 30 vehicles. Trevor was 14 when he was first arrested for stealing a car. He is now 44 years old and just got out of prison. He spent 10 years in prison for an armed robbery. When interviewed by a reporter, Trevor's sister tried to explain his life of crime. She said that he was a risk taker who seemed to love the thrill and excitement of burglary. Only the threat of severe punishment could stop him. Which version of classical theory describes Trevor?

A. James Q. Wilson's view B. Gary Becker's view C. Positivist view D. Cesare Beccaria's view

External, internal, organizational, and operational are types of ______ common in policing.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

In order to show constructive possession of an object, the state must _____.

a. prove that the person had the object "on him" and knew that he possessed it b. prove that the person had items in places under his control, but not on him c. show only that the defendant knew of the presence of the object in his vicinity d. show only that the object was in the vicinity of the person

In Illinois v. Wardlow (2000) the U.S. Supreme Court held that a stop was justified, at least in part, by:

a. information from a reliable informant. b. a flyer or bulletin from another jurisdiction. c. the smell of marijuana. d. unprovoked flight upon seeing the police.