James Madison referred to the system of federalism as the "middle ground" of government types. What did he mean by this statement?

A) The federal system is very weak because it fails to establish itself in contrast to unitary and confederation systems.
B) Unitary systems and confederation systems are opposing ends of the continuum. Federalism has elements of both systems but is the best attempt to balance the powers and needs of the state versus federal governments.
C) The government fails to take a definitive stance subordinating its power to other government entities.
D) Federalism is the second most preferred system of government, after the unitary system.
E) The federal system abolishes the individual powers of the central and state governments in favor of a weaker, but more balanced, hybrid government.


B

Political Science

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Which of the following would be an indication of the harmonization of EU member countries’ political and legal conditions?

a. the same origins of the legal system b. the degree to which EU legislation is adopted c. a shared history of government due to shifting borders d. none of these

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What will be an ideal response?

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Which failed state gave the appearance of being a functioning democracy shortly before its collapse?

a. Somalia b. Haiti c. Sierra Leone d. Afghanistan e. Zimbabwe

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Although historians have studied cities for centuries, in which of the academic disciplines listed below were cities first studied systematically?

a. economics b. political economy c. sociology d. political science

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