Normal bacteria flora are sometimes disrupted by antibiotics. Describe the role of lactobacilli as a normal flora and how its disruption can cause problems
What will be an ideal response?
The normal flora serves as a first defense against pathogens. For example, lactobacilli that normally live in the human mouth, gut, and vagina produce lactate, an acid that helps keep acid-intolerant pathogenic bacteria from becoming established. Some side effects of antibiotics result from the effects of these drugs on our normal flora. Antibiotics kill beneficial bacteria as well as harmful ones. When this disruption takes place in the gut, it causes diarrhea. When it happens in the vagina, the resulting overgrowth of yeast (fungal cells) can cause vaginitis.
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__________ released by the hypothalamus causes the pituitary gland to secrete __________ and follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH). Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Cephalization refers to
a. a type of symmetry. b. a type of segmentation characteristic of lower forms of life. c. a group of protective cells found in the tentacles of a polyp. d. a transitional state in the life cycle of a jellyfish. e. none of these.
A cell has a defect in polyadenylation. The RNA transcripts encoding which type of protein would not be affected by this defect because they are not polyadenylated?
A) histone proteins B) transcription factors C) transmembrane proteins D) DNA binding proteins E) SR proteins
How do you define a polymerase?
A. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nucleic acids. B. It is an enzyme that slows the formation of DNA. C. It is an adhesion molecule. D. It is an enzyme that blocks the formation of nucleic acids. E. It is a ribosome that catalyzes the formation of nucleic acids.