Which of the following factors increases the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very premature neonates? (Select all that apply.)
a. Early oral feedings with formula
b. Prolonged use of mechanical ventilation
c. Hyperbilirubinemia
d. Nasogastic feedings
ANS: a, d
Feedback
a. Preterm neonates have a decreased ability to digest and absorb formula. Undigested formula can cause a blockage in the intestines leading to necrosis of the bowel.
b. Preterm neonates are predisposed to NEC due to alteration in blood flow to the intestines, impaired gastrointestinal host defense, and alteration in inflammatory response.
c. Preterm neonates are predisposed to NEC due to alteration in blood flow to the intestines, impaired gastrointestinal host defense, and alteration in inflammatory response.
d. Bacterial colonization in the intestines can occur from contaminated feeding tubes causing an inflammatory response in the bowel.
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