What was Maria’s level of English literacy? What is the evidence for this?
Carla Hudson, a Black social worker with the Women’s Resource Center (WRC), had worked with Maria Velasquez, a Mexican immigrant and mother of two children, for several years as she struggled to escape a violent home situation. Maria was Carla’s first Spanish-speaking client. Maria’s spoken English was easily understandable, but she could not read or write English well. As Carla assisted Maria in acquiring mainstream services, including Head Start, TANF, Food Stamps, and WIC, she noticed barriers to services that she began to suspect were related to discrimination against Spanish-speaking clients. When two White Head Start caseworkers refused to help Maria attain educational support that she needed in order to gain English literacy, Carla faced the challenge of addressing discrimination issues in another agency and perhaps throughout the service delivery system in Jasper, Alabama.
Maria could converse in English without much difficulty. She had a significant problem, however, with reading and writing. Carla first realized this during the initial intake with Maria when she noticed that Maria seemed to stare at the papers, shuffling them around and appearing embarrassed. Maria apparently told Carla that she had difficulty with the paperwork when she went to other agencies for services. Carla often assisted Maria with the paperwork and even accompanied her to some of the agencies. Maria got her driver’s license by taking a Spanish language version of the test. She also was having great difficulty with her classes at JCC.
The caseworkers at Head Start did not seem to make the same assessment of Maria’s literacy. They suggested that she get tutoring for her classes. Andrea, Maria’s second caseworker, said, “Maria can read English when she wants to. She is just not trying. I guess she throws away any messages we send home with her children.”
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