When Muhammad died, political authority over the community was given to the Rashidun, which was

a. a oligarchy of aristocratic rulers in Mecca
b. religious scholars who interpret the Quran
c. Muhammad's son and heir
d. the first four caliphs
e. the leaders of Muhammad's tribe


d

History

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Guernica, a mural vividly depicting the destruction of a town in the Spanish Civil War, was painted by

A) Henri Cartier-Bresson. B) Henri Matisse. C) Pablo Picasso. D) Franz Kafka. E) Marcel Duchamp.

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Which of these patterns was followed by Prince Shotoku's approach to Buddhism?

A) a ruler who is hostile to foreign religions B) the expansion of imperial rule through missionary activity C) a new religion adopted to foster a new political order D) a ruler who abandons his position to follow a new religion

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Which of the following was NOT an effect of the spread of capitalism on rural European society after 1500?

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