Which mechanisms produce neuropathic pain?
A. Ectopic foci and central sensitization
B. Ephaptic transmission and structural reorganization
C. Ectopic foci and ephaptic transmission
D. All of the above
ANS: D
Rationale: Neuropathic pain is produced by four mechanisms: (1) ectopic foci, (2) ephaptic transmission, (3) central sensitization, and (4) structural reorganization.
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