All of the following contributes to pathogenicity EXCEPT:

a. enzymes
b. capsules
c. toxins
d. allergic reactions


Answer: d. allergic reactions

Biology & Microbiology

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Several friends returned from a backpacking trip in a nearby state forest area and began to experience bouts of abdominal cramping, flatulence, and severe diarrhea with greasy, fatty stools. What is the most likely cause?

A. Cryptosporidiosis B. Giardiasis C. Toxoplasmosis D. Amebic dysentery

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following cell features is absent

in a bacterial cell?

a. plasma membrane. b. cytoplasm. c. nucleoid. d. nucleus. e. DNA

Biology & Microbiology

If the frequency of a recessive gene in a population

under genetic equilibrium is 40 percent, in the next generation the frequency of that gene would be a. 20 percent. b. 40 percent. c. 80 percent. d. 2pq. e. unpredictable.

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Porifera differ from other animals in that they

A. do not form true organs B. are sessile C. have three germ layers D. have radial symmetry

Biology & Microbiology