Several studies suggest that parental monitoring is especially important between the ages of:
a. nine to sixteen.
b. six weeks to five.
c. five to eighteen.
d. twelve to seventeen.
e. thirteen to sixteen.
Ans: A. nine to sixteen
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A research approach that asks participants to describe their recent and lifetime criminal activity is termed:
a. field observation b. meta-analysis c. cross-sectional research d. a self-report survey
Name and discuss the rules probability
This expresses the bounding rule of probabilities—the probability of any event is bounded by 0 and 1.0. Any probability can never be less than zero or greater than 1.0. A probability of zero means that event A is impossible, probabilities close to zero imply that event A is unlikely to occur, probabilities close to 1.0 imply that there is a good chance that event A will occur, and a probability of 1.0 implies that event A will always occur. Addition rule of probabilities: This rule is the “or” rule because it allows us to calculate the probability of one event or the other event occurring. The restricted addition rule of probabilities states that the probability of either of two mutually exclusive events occurring is equal to the sum of their separate probabilities. In other words, if event A and event B are mutually exclusive events, then the probability of event A or B occurring, which is written P(A or B), is equal to P(A) + P(B). When two events are not mutually exclusive we must apply thegeneral addition rule of probabilities.This form of the addition rule states that, for two non-mutually exclusive events, events A and B, the probability of event A or event B occurring is equal to the sum of their separate probabilities minus the probability of their joint occurrence: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B). The new part of the addition rule is the last term, P(A and B), and is the probability of event A and B occurring at the same time or simultaneously—that is, their joint probability. The multiplication rule of probabilities is often referred to as the “and rule” because with it we can determine the probability of both one event and another (or others) occurring. The application of the multiplication rule to two events is written as P(A and B). Therestricted multiplication rule of probabilities concerns the case where the events are independent of one another. Two events are independent of each other when the occurrence of one event has no effect on the occurrence of another event. In other words, there is no relationship between independent events. If two or more events are independent, then the probability of their joint occurrence is equal to the product of their separate probabilities. The general multiplication rule of probabilities states that the probability of two non-independent events, events A and B, occurring is equal to the probability of event A times the conditional probability of event B: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B|A). The last term of this formula, the conditional probability, is something new and is read, “the conditional probability of event B given event A.”
Unified court systems and specialized courts are two different types of court reform that have emerged. Compare and contrast these two types of reform. In which direction have contemporary court reformers gone?
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Proponents of the __________ school of organizational theorists were concerned about how employees fit into organizations beyond simply being workers
a. behavioral b. process c. development d. human relations