Explain why grandsons of boys who survived a famine lived longer than grandsons of boys who did

not experience the famine? What will be an ideal response?


There are many elements to consider in this question. One, famine is known to alter methylation
patterns which in turn alter gene expression. Two, methylation effects are known to be passed to
subsequent generations to some extent. Three, methylation patterns are known to often be sex-limited.
Thus, it appears the methylation pattern acquired by these boys altered gene expression in a way that
benefitted lifespan and was passed to male descendants.

Biology & Microbiology

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The leukocyte responsible for adaptive immunity is the

A. lymphocyte. B. monocyte. C. eosinophil. D. neutrophil.

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Fluid inside vessel elements is being pulled upward primarily by ____

a. turgor pressure b. evaporation and cohesion c. osmotic gradients

d. pressure flow forces e. active transport and osmosis

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When the nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon, it stimulates the release of a chemical that stimulates depolarization of the next neuron in the chain. This chemical is 

A. acetylcholine. B. acetylcholinesterase. C. thyroxine. D. estrogen.

Biology & Microbiology