Skinner’s theory has been criticized for all of the following except
A) it has not stimulated much empirical research.
B) it generalizes too readily from nonhuman animals to humans.
C) by ignoring mental and emotional events it ignores the most important aspects of humans.
D) it raises questions as to whom will do the planning and controlling in a cultural engineering program.
Answer: A
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A researcher was interested in the effects of mood on aggression. She decided to see how receiving an insult or a compliment affects aggression, and she measured aggression by having participants administer small shocks to another participant. The researcher found that participants in the insult condition were more aggressive than those in the compliment condition. One of her colleagues reads
about this research and voices concern that people in the insult condition may have been more naturally aggressive than people in the compliment condition, causing the differences observed by the researcher. This concern about pre-existing differences between participants in the two conditions would only be valid if participants were not a. a representative sample of the population. b. randomly assigned to the condition. c. randomly selected from the population. d. informed that they were involved in a correlational study.
Mila is having a difficult time completing her doctoral dissertation in psychology and, at the same time, is anxious about her job prospects after graduation. She tells her graduate school adviser, Dr. Rivera, who is a clinical psychologist, that she is considering seeking the advice of a life coach. Assuming Dr. Rivera is in agreement with your text and recent studies, what might she tell Mila?
a. ?“Don’t do it; life coaches are nothing more than salesmen or actors.” b. ?“Give it a try; life coaches seem to perform some of the same duties as psychotherapists.” c. ?“Be cautious; life coaches have Psy.D., not Ph.D., degrees.” d. ?“You might like it; life coaches seem to be particularly appealing to women.”
Which of the following statements best defines the term "self-concept"?
A. the understanding that we are a separate being from other people and objects B. the comparison of ourselves to someone whom we believe is better than us C. the personal idea of who we are D. the composition of a personal and a social identity
From the behaviorist perspective, the term "extinction" refers to
A) a species of animal dying out. B) the decrease of a conditioned response when it is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus. C) someone holding back from doing a behavior that he or she really wants to do. D) the spreading of a conditioned response to multiple stimuli.