Atoms are mostly empty space
What will be an ideal response?
This is true, because the atom's "edge" is defined by the outermost electron's
position, and the rest of the atom has only occasional electrons and the nucleus at the center.
We might think that the probability density fills the space between the outer "edge" of the
atom and the nucleus. However, if we consider the probability density, we expect that it isn't
really there, it's more like the ghost of the electron.
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Suppose you had molecular oxygen (O2) chilled enough so that it was in liquid form. Which of the following best describes the phase changes that would occur as you heated the liquid oxygen to high temperature?
A) It would vaporize (evaporate) into a gas, then the molecules would dissociate into individual oxygen atoms, then the atoms would become increasingly ionized as you continued to raise the temperature. B) The liquid molecules would quickly dissociate into a liquid of individual oxygen atoms. These atoms would then vaporize (evaporate) into a gas, and then become ionized to make a plasma. C) It would vaporize (evaporate) into a gas, then the molecules would lose electrons until no electrons were left, then the molecules would dissociate into individual oxygen nuclei. D) The liquid oxygen first would solidify. The solid would then vaporize (sublimate) into a gas, which would then become a plasma as the molecules lost their electrons, until finally it consisted of bonded pairs of oxygen nuclei stripped bare of any electrons.
Radio astronomers often study the radiation emitted by a hydrogen atom from a transition between the two hyperfine levels associated with the ground state
This radiation has a wavelength of 21 cm. What is the energy difference between the hyperfine levels? (1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J) A) 5.9 × 10-6 eV B) 5.9 × 10-25 J C) 1.7 × 10-24 J D) 4.7 × 10-25 J
In the standard model, about when after the Big Bang did the universe become transparent to radiation?
A) 10-43 s B) 10-35 s C) 103 s D) 3 × 105 y E) 3 × 106 y
A parallel-plate capacitor is disconnected from a battery, and the plates are pulled a small distance farther apart. Does Q increase, decrease, or stay the same?
1.increase 2.decrease 3.remains the same