What are the requirements stated by the Lemon test for a state's school aid to be constitutional?
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Since 1971, the Supreme Court has held that, to be constitutional, a state's school aid must meet three requirements: (1) the purpose of the financial aid must be clearly secular (not religious), (2) its primary effect must neither advance nor inhibit religion, and (3) it must avoid an "excessive government entanglement with religion." The Court first used this three-part test in Lemon v. Kurtzman, and hence it is often referred to as the Lemon test. In the 1971 Lemon case, the Court held that the establishment clause is designed to prevent three main evils: "sponsorship, financial support, and active involvement of the sovereign (the government) in religious activity."
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Strictly speaking, political scientists use the term nation to refer to:
A. the borders surrounding a country. B. the land claims of a given nation. C. a group of people with a common identity. D. all of the above
The knowledge explosion has created more precision and certainty in government decision making and public administration
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Omar al-Bashir, the President of Sudan, had a warrant issued for his arrest for crimes against humanity. al-Bashir maintained that whatever happened within his country's borders fell under its jurisdiction. al-Bashir was appealing to which notion of sovereignty?
A) Communitarian B) Liberal C) Neo-Westphalian D) Realistic E) Westphalian
Over the past two decades, which statement best describes the income distribution of U.S. citizens?
A. Income has become more equitably distributed. B. Income has become more concentrated in the hands of fewer wealthy individuals. C. Income quintiles have declined. D. The Gini coefficient has declined.