As Garrett is learning crosscountry skiing, he repeats to himself, "left arm, right foot, right arm, left foot." Regarding Garrett's verbalization, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Garrett is using verbal rules to back up his motor learning.
b. Garrett is using this verbalization to clear his mind and to relax him as he performs this skill.
c. Garrett's verbalizations will be most helpful in the early phases of skill learning.
d. As Garrett's skill becomes more automated, his internal speech may actually get in the way of his
performing the skill.
ANSWER: b
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In a classic study that involved college students shooting pool at a student union, it was found that when being watched by others, good pool players who were confident in their pool playing
a. became very self-conscious and their pool-playing suffered significantly. b. improved their accuracy. c. showed no change in their pool shooting ability. d. became extreme showman and took risky shots, many of which did not pay off.
When subjects are not randomly assigned, but rather come to the study as members of each condition a ____ variable is being used
a. manipulated independent b. dependent c. nonmanipulated independent d. nonmanipulated dependent
The purpose of the first step in the four-step program evaluation model in Chapter 13 is to:
a. determine if program goals were attained. b. determine desired program goals. c. document program activities. d. both "a" and "c".
Voluntary behavior on the part of a person that produces consequences is called:
a. contingency behavior b. classical conditioning behavior c. operant behavior d. reinforcer behavior