Problems with the way classrooms operate—inappropriate curriculum and instruction, difficulty in teaching conditions, teacher perceptions of student inadequacy, large classes and negative teacher and peer expectations— and the social context thus created suggest that
a. not all problems that contribute to low performance among lower- or working-class children come from outside the schools.
b. conditions for teaching and learning might be altered so that lower- or working-class children are more likely to experience academic success.
c. schools not only re-create many of the conditions that lead to social failure for some groups, but also perpetuate conditions that lead to the success of certain groups. d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d
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