Summarize the status of gangs today.
What will be an ideal response?
Gang membership has increased dramatically since theorists such as Cohen (1955) were writing in the 1950s and 1960s. The increase has been largely attributed to the loss of millions of manufacturing jobs in the United States, a loss that has hit our most vulnerable citizens, the young and the uneducated, hardest. Deindustrialization has set in motion a chain of events that has left a large segment of the population economically marginalized and socially isolated from mainstream culture.
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Identify and describe three of the lower-class focal concerns proposed by Walter Miller.
What will be an ideal response?
In Colorado v. Connelly (1986), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Connelly's confession was voluntary even though his serious mental illness led him to believe God ordered him to "confess or commit suicide."
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
In what case did the Court declare that most U.S. death penalty laws were unconstitutional due to their arbitrary nature?
a. Furman v. Georgia (1972) c. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) b. Roper v. Simmons (2005) d. Atkins v. Virginia (2002)
In Ewing v. California the U.S. Supreme Court held that what California law did not violate the Eighth Amendment?
a. mandatory-minimum sentencing c. indeterminate sentencing b. parole abolition d. three-strikes