When teaching a class regarding family planning, the nurse includes information regarding the least effective methods of contraception. Which method(s) would be included in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)
a. Coitus interruptus
b. Tubal ligation
c. Postcoital douche
d. Vasectomy
e. Breastfeeding
ANS: A, C, E
Coitus interruptus (withdrawal), postcoital douche, and breastfeeding are the least effective contraceptive measures. Coitus interruptus: fluid escaping from the penis before ejaculation contains sperm. In addition, sperm may be deposited on the skin near the vulva and still enter the vagina, resulting in pregnancy. Postcoital douche: sperm can reach the fallopian tube in a short time, and, once there, fertilization may occur and cannot be prevented by douching. Breastfeeding: prolactin inhibits ovulation, but prolactin levels decrease in 4 to 6 months and ovulation returns, even without return of menses. Tubal ligation and vasectomy are both surgical methods of birth control that are extremely effective.
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The nurse follows the basic concept of wound irrigation when directing the flow of the irrigant:
a. from the area of least contamination to the area of most contamination. b. forcefully into the wound. c. gently over the skin into the wound. d. from a distance of about 12 inches.
A Caucasian nurse is caring for an African American patient. To provide culturally competent care, what should the nurse do?
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