Compare and contrast the rehabilitation and reintegration goals of punishment.
What will be an ideal response?
The term rehabilitation means to restore or return to constructive or healthy
activity. Whereas deterrence and incapacitation are mainly justified on classical
grounds, rehabilitation is primarily a positivist concept. The rehabilitative goal is based
on a medical model that is used to view criminal behavior as a moral sickness requiring
treatment. Today, this model views criminality in terms of “faulty thinking” and criminals
as in need of “programming” rather than “treatment.” The goal of rehabilitation is to
change offenders’ attitudes so that they come to accept that their behavior was wrong,
not to deter them by the threat of further punishment. The goal of reintegration is to use
the time criminals are under correctional supervision to prepare them to reenter (or
reintegrate with) the free community as well equipped to do so as possible. In effect,
students will show an understanding of both concepts. They should indicate that
reintegration is not much different from rehabilitation, but it is more pragmatic, focusing
on concrete programs such as job training rather than attitude change.
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