The client is a 20-year-old African American male admitted with sickle cell crisis. The physician orders a low dose of medication that does not resolve the client's pain
When the nurse questions the order, the physician explains that African American males in this age range are likely to abuse drugs. What is the nurse's best response or action? A. Administer the medication as ordered.
B. Assist the client to use additional pain relief measures, such as guided imagery and distraction.
C. Explain to the client that the lower doses are better for him in the long run so that he will not build up a tolerance to the medication.
D. Ask the physician to consult with the pain control specialist or sickle cell clinic to best meet this client's needs for pain relief.
D
Many health care providers have biases regarding drug use in racial or ethnic minorities and are not familiar with the pain management needs of clients in sickle cell crisis. Sickle cell pain may evoke such biases because the clients are often young and have a long history of hospital admis-sions for crisis and pain management. Additionally, although the crisis may represent an episode of acute pain, the client has usually had extensive experience with pain and may not have the expected stress response manifestations.
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