If a patient's resting cardiac output is 5.6 l/min and on a stress test she elevated her heart rate to a maximum of 176 beats/min with a stroke volume of 115 ml/beat, what is her cardiac reserve? Show your work
Cardiac reserve equals maximum cardiac output - resting cardiac output.
Maximum CO = HR × SV = 176 beats/minute × 0.115 liters/beat = 20.2 liters/minute.
Cardiac reserve equals 14.6 liters/minute.
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