Explain the roles of prisons prior to the age of punishment
What will be an ideal response?
Prisons are ancient, but until 1700, they were not used for punishment; instead, they confined suspects and defendants to make sure they showed up in court. Prisons were not used for punishment throughout most of North American colonial history either. Capital punishment was an option but was used infrequently. Occasionally, early American judges sentenced offenders to whipping or mutilation, including cropping their ears or slitting their nostrils. Judges also used public shaming—stocks, ducking stools, pillories, dunce caps, or signs such as "I'm a fornicator" and the like. The punishments of choice were fines and restitution. Not until the late eighteenth century did confinement begin to be used as a punishment.
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Sources of information in an investigation include all but which of the following?
A) the investigator's intuition B) records and informants C) victims and witnesses D) physical evidence E) All of the above are sources of information.
In Aristotle's view
A. people should always behave the same, no matter the circumstances B. ethics are above change C. individuals of good character might behave in different ways at different times D. good character is evidenced solely and exclusively through action
The "truly disheartened"" is the term used by William Julius Wilson to describe socially isolated people who dwell in inner cities and occupy the bottom rung of the social ladder; they are the victims of discrimination.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Francis Ianni, who describes the Mafia as a kinship structure, claims that:
a. Mafia families have formed bonds with crime gangs of ethnic groups other than Italian-Americans through intermarriage. b. Mafia families in different cities are linked through intermarriage. c. Mafia families are similar in structure to medium-sized corporations. d. the Mafia code of conduct requires greater loyalty to the nuclear family than to the larger Mafia crime family.