Describe how a standard flashlight battery can convert energy into useful work and explain how this is similar to the energy conversions in the mitochondria
What will be an ideal response?
A battery contains chemicals that generate negatively charged ions at one pole, and it is able to cause the continuous transfer of electrons along a metal wire if that pole is connected to the other end of the battery. The energy released by the electron-transfer process driven by the battery can be harnessed to do useful work, as when it is used to run an electric motor. Likewise, the energy released by the electron transfers that occur between the protein complexes in the electron-transport chain does useful work when it drives the movement of protons to one side of the membrane, since the resulting proton gradient is then used to generate chemical energy in the form of ATP.
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Gene therapy can best be described as ____
A. the elimination of a defect (mutation) in a gene B. the insertion of normal genes to act in place of mutant genes C. the insertion of human genes into other organisms D. the cloning of genes to produce and purify therapeutically useful proteins E. the mapping of all human genetic information
Which of the following is true regarding the use of osmotic pressure as an antimicrobial agent?
A. Exposing organisms to the air on a benchtop so they completely dry out is an example of using osmotic pressure as a means of microbial control. B. Exposing a microbe to a hypertonic environment draws water out of the cell, causing plasmolysis. C. Salts and sugars external to a microbe create a hypotonic environment, which causes lysis of the cell. D. Salt is an effective solute to create an osmotic pressure gradient outside of a cell; however, the use of sugar, such as in jams and jellies, works via a different mechanism.
What situation is more likely to cause speciation?
What will be an ideal response?
Adult tunicates resemble __________ and are __________
a. eels; carnivorous. b. corals; photosynthetic c. starfish; carnivorous d. sponges; filter feeders e. earthworms; detritivores