The nurse is caring for a preterm infant who is receiving caffeine citrate for treatment of apnea of prematurity. What signs should indicate caffeine toxicity?
a. Bradycardia and hypotension
b. Oliguria and sleepiness
c. Vomiting and irritability
d. Constipation and weight loss
ANS: C
Caffeine citrate is the medication of choice for the treatment of apnea of prematurity because it has fewer side effects, requires once-daily dosing, has slower elimination, and has a wider therapeutic range than other options. Caffeine toxicity can still occur, so the preterm infant needs to be monitored for signs of toxicity, including vomiting and irritability. Bradycardia, hypotension, oliguria, sleepiness, constipation, and weight loss are not symptoms of toxicity.
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