Which statement is true in relation to abnormal fetal presentations?
a. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid in a breech presentation always indicates fetal distress.
b. Applying pressure to the mother's sacrum is especially helpful with a face or brow presentation.
c. Having the mother assume a squatting position may facilitate the birth of the fetus in a breech presentation.
d. When the fetus is in a persistent occiput posterior position, the mother may be assisted in getting on her hands and knees to help the fetus turn.
ANS: D
To promote rotation in the fetus who is in a persistent occiput posterior position, the mother may get on her hands and knees, squat, or lie on her side and push. Sacral pressure is especially helpful with the occiput posterior presentation. With a breech presentation, pressure on the abdomen may cause meconium passage in the absence of fetal distress.
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