The nurse assesses crackles in the lungs of a client who is receiving IV therapy for shock. What should the nurse recognize that this finding indicates?
1. Hypostatic pneumonia
2. Hypovolemia
3. Renal failure
4. Hypervolemia
Answer: 4
1. Pneumonia is not likely to have developed in the client.
2. The client is receiving intravenous therapy for shock. Hypovolemia is likely to be resolving.
3. Crackles in the lungs are not a manifestation of renal failure.
4. Crackles reflect a shift of excess fluid from the vascular space to interstitial spaces in the lung, indicating that the client is receiving an excess of IV fluids.
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