Describe how helper T cells become activated when interacting with macrophages, and then how helper T cells promote clonal development of B cells and cytotoxic T cells. Include in your answer the following: MHC-11, CD4, and TCR
What will be an ideal response?
When a macrophage engulfs a foreign antigen, parts of the antigen are displayed within an MHC-II protein. A helper T cell with a specific T cell receptor (TCR) that can recognize this displayed antigen binds with the macrophage. In the process, the T cell's CD4 coreceptor binds to the macrophage's MHC-11 site. After coupling, the macrophage releases interleukins that activate the helper T cell. The activated helper T cell then releases cytokines that promote its rapid division, giving rise to a clone (large number) of identical T cells. The newly formed T cells can interact directly with B cells and can release chemicals that stimulate clonal development of B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
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