A client is scheduled for a heart valve replacement. Which strategic action of the primary healthcare provider enhances the client's adaptive ability and coping mechanism to reduce stress?

1. Encouraging a family member to stay with the client in the pre-operative setting
2. Permitting a family member to stay in the operation theater
3. Administering epinephrine to reduce stress
4. Restricting the family members from talking to the client in the pre-operative setting


1

Health & Biomechanics

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