In the case of Kingsley v. Hendrickson, the court found that for claims of ______ brought by pretrial detainees, it is only necessary to show that the force used was objectively unreasonable.

a. discrimination
b. disparity
c. excessive force
d. sexual harassment


b. disparity

Criminal Justice

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Whenever deviant scores are present in a distribution of scores, the best measure of central tendency to use is the:

a. mode. b. median. c. mean. d. mean of means.

Criminal Justice

Some common ways for people with drug dependencies to obtain drugs through fraud or deceit are:

a. doctor shopping; i.e., finding a doctor who will over-prescribe narcotics. b. seeing multiple doctors without their knowledge and filling the prescriptions at different pharmacies. c. stealing prescription pads and forging physician signatures. d. all of the above

Criminal Justice

Why must criminologists be ethical in their research?

a. Because criminologists may face a jail sentence if they are not. b. Because criminologists are moral entrepreneurs. c. Because the lives of millions of people may be influenced by their research. d. Because criminologists are seeking political power.

Criminal Justice

Under the federal Juvenile Delinquency Act, a juvenile is a person who has not yet turned ________ years of age

A) 17 B) 21 C) 18 D) 25

Criminal Justice