The antibiotic nitrofurantoin is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This antibiotic is effective against which type of specimen?
a. Blood
b. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
c. Sputum
d. Urine
D
Nitrofurantoin only achieves effective levels in the urinary tract and should not be included in batteries tested against bacterial isolates from other body sites.
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Which is most analogous to the role of GFP in recombinant DNA technology?
A. Creating a metagenomic library representing archaea bacteria that thrive in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. B. Comparing the RFLP patterns of DNA from various suspects to DNA isolated from the scene of a crime using gel electrophoresis. C. Monitoring the spread of multi-drug resistant pathogens on a hospital floor by comparing antibiotic susceptibility patterns. D. Using dyes to stain and detect bacteria under light microscopy from the sputum of a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis.
Which factors contribute most to intraspecific competition?
A. a species' rate of reproduction and the carrying capacity of the environment B. predation and parasitism C. mutualistic relationships D. a species' fundamental niche and abiotic surroundings E. increased diversity of adaptations and resource partitioning.
The first step in the formation of urine is the
A) secretion of hydrogen ions into the kidney tubules. B) formation of filtrate that enters Bowman's capsule. C) secretion of urea into the renal pelvis. D) reabsorption of nutrients by Bowman's capsule.
Which of the following is a trace mineral?
A) iodine B) sodium C) phosphorus D) sulfur