The community health nurse is reviewing risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Which children are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency? (Select all that apply.)
a. Children with fair pigmentation
b. Children who are overweight or obese
c. Children who are exclusively bottle fed
d. Children with diets low in sources of vitamin D
e. Children of families who use milk products not supplemented with vitamin D
ANS: B, D, E
Populations at risk for vitamin D deficiency include overweight or obese children, children with diets low in sources of vitamin D, and children of families who use milk products not supplemented with vitamin D. Children with dark, not fair, pigmentation and children who are exclusively breast fed, not bottle fed, are also at risk.
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